¤Virtual University Of Pakistan Network¤






To be a "trend setter" in providing an affordable, quality child care, giving parents the opportunity to be self-supporting, contributing, and involved members of the community, while providing their children with developmentally-appropriate learning experiences in a safe, healthy, nurturing environment. The employees to be committed and as responsible as possible to the unmet needs of the families and children of community.
We seek to serve all people in need of its services regardless of religious affiliation, race, sex, age, creed, color, national origin, ancestry, handicap, sexual orientation, or marital status. We encourage self-esteem mutual respect and harmonious relationship among all the diverse elements of the human community.
160 million.
In the year 2000, the population in the 3-5 years age group was 8.61 million (4.40 million boys and 4.21 million girls).
This population reduced to 7.4 (male 3.8 : female 3.6) million in 2005.
Currently it is around 7.4 million.
This may reduce to 7.1 (male 3.7 : female 3.5) million in the year 2010; and then may remain almost constant till the year 2015.
Early Childhood Education had been well organized and formalized till seventies. Karachi or pre-primary classes were organized in the formal primary schools. However, officially this practice was almost discontinued during eighties. Realizing the role and significance of earlychildhood education, especially for improving the learning achievement/ competencies, provision has been made in the current National Education Policy (1998-2010) to reintroduce Karachi/preprimary class as a formal class in primary schools, extending the primary education for six years - Karachi to grade V. Implementation of this policy provision has not started due to scarcity of resources. Pakistan's priority area is primary education (5-9 age group).
In the public sector primary schools, especially in rural areas, children below 5 years of age do attend school informally, and learn basic concepts of literacy and numeracy. Available evidence indicates that of the total enrolment in pre-primary and primary classes, the share of enrolment in pre-primary classes ranges between 4.73% in Islamabad
Capital Territory and 30.11% in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).
Among the provinces, while Punjab, NWFP and Balochistan have high levels of pre-primary enrolments, the share of pre-primary enrolments in total (primary and pre primary) classes is relatively very low i.e., 7.29%, in Sindh. The proportion of female children in preprimary classes ranges between 22.19% in FATA and 45.59% in Punjab
(Table 4).
Table 4: Enrolment in Pre-Primary (Karachi/Unadmitted) Classes:
1999/2000

In private sector schools pre-primary education is well organized, began essential part of primary education. However, due to their high fees, these private schools cater only to the needs of the relatively affluent urban class, excluding a large section of the society comprising poor families. Almost all such schools arrange pre-primary education in the form of Nursery, Pre-nursery or Kindergarten KG-I, KG-II classes.
In Pakistan, early childhood education suffers from a series of problems:

Our mission is to create a warm nurturing, educational environment that stimulates your child's desire to learn, where pre-school children can feel safe and cared for while learning.
Our goal is to give working mother's peace of mind when having to leave their children... placing them in ‘Loving Hands’.
Our promise is to diligently attend to the needs of your child.
|
Our Approach
Nurturing children in heart, mind and body
Our teaching approach is based upon the unique nature of each child's learning and development. In order to nurture children and encourage them to reach their potential and develop their talents it is necessary to give each child an individual educational path to follow. This requires continuity throughout these formative years. With our low teacher/child ratio and with our committed staff we are able to put these requirements into practice. Children can work towards their own individual standards of excellence, in the happy atmosphere of encouragement that our staff fosters. Through our close relationship with each child we can focus on particular areas of talent which can then be developed. We can ensure that each child receives a thorough grounding in the basic skills and any areas of difficulty can be approached with remedial help. Through our specific knowledge of each child we can maintain the balance of their emotional, physical, social and creative development. Perhaps most importantly, this knowledge and understanding of the children is built and communicated between staff as the children move through the school providing that continuity in the approach and content of their education which is so vital.
We believe that given the right start, children find ways to learn that are right for them. That’s why our unique curriculum gives children both the guidance and the freedom to construct knowledge in ways meaningful to them. Our highly trained teachers and staff nurture kids’ natural curiosity and wonder within a safe, homelike environment that allows them to explore and discover. Children leave ‘Little Tots’ empowered to be creative problem solvers, life-long learners and interesting, interested individuals.
There’s no time like the present to empower your child to explore, discover and grow. Whether they're little engineers, artists, or acrobats, we let kids express themselves and learn in the ways they learn best, and help them get comfortable with learning. So empower your child – and yourself – with ‘Little Tots’.
Administrative Policy |
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Policy for Surrounding Area: |
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Permalink Reply by ღ Alone Soul ღ on November 10, 2011 at 8:37am M A R K E T
A N A L Y S I S
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Status |
No. of Parents |
Total Parents |
% |
Employed |
27 |
48 |
56.25% |
Unemployed |
21 |
48 |
43.75% |
Total |
48 |
48 |
100% |
DC12

|
* |
Total |
% |
Employed Parents |
19 |
27 |
70% |
Unemployed Parents |
8 |
21 |
38% |
Employed but not parents |
9 |
16 |
56% |
UnEmployed but not parents |
2 |
6 |
33% |
Total |
38 |
70 |
54% |
* = No. of People who think that there should be day cares in Karachi |
DC13

Ø Out of these 28 people, 19 are parents while 9 don’t have kids.
Ø Out of these 10 people, 8 are parents while 2 don’t have kids.
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willingness of parents to send their children to day care |
|
Response |
No. of Parents |
Yes |
31 |
No |
7 |
Total |
38 |
DC14

Out these 54% people 84% people feel comfortable in sending their children to Day Care Centre. i.e. 0.54 x 0.84 x 70 = 31
![]()
Parents who are comfortable in sending their children to Day Care Center |
|||
Status |
who are comfortable |
who think |
% |
Employed Parents |
17 |
19 |
89% |
Unemployed Parents |
5 |
8 |
63% |
Employed but not parents |
7 |
9 |
78% |
Unemployed but not parents |
2 |
2 |
100% |
Total |
31 |
38 |
82% |
DC15

Ø 17 are employed and Parents.
Ø 5 are unemployed and Parents.
Ø 7 are employed but not Parents.
Ø 2 are unemployed and not Parents
Ø 78% people are those who are employed while 22% are unemployed.
Ø
Ø 71% (17) are Parents having one or more than one kids.
Ø 78% of the parents who are willing to send their children to day care are Employed.
![]()
Reasons for being uncomfortable |
No. of People not Comfortable |
Peace of mind (too worried when at work/home) |
1 |
Unsafe |
1 |
Unnecessary |
2 |
Have caretakers at home |
3 |
Total |
7 |
DC16(a)

![]()
DC16(b)

willing or are feeling uncomfortable in sending their children to Day Cares.
By Analysis of Chart DC 16 (a) and (b) it is found that about 75% of the people are not interested in Day Cares because they have care takers at home and find Day cares unimportant and unnecessary.
This may be because of the reason that people still preferred their old traditional style where they leave their children at home with their aunts and grandmas while they are at work. In case of unemployed people they may think that they can better train and educate them at home during the first 3 years of their life
They may find it unimportant because they still think that Montessori are enough for heir early education without realizing the fact that Day cares is important for their preschool education.
Income |
Opted for DC |
Didn't Opted |
Total no. of Employed People |
less than 20000 |
6 |
8 |
14 |
20000-45000 |
17 |
10 |
27 |
46000-75000 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
Total |
24 |
19 |
43 |
DC17

DC18
|

22 Parents are willing to send their children to Day Care |
|
Age |
No. of children |
6 months |
2 |
2-3 years |
10 |
4-5 years |
7 |
6 years |
3 |
Total No. of Parents |
22 |
DC19

Response |
Yes in Q5 |
No.in Q5 |
Total in Q6 |
Yes in Q6 |
36 |
0 |
36 |
No in Q6 |
19 |
6 |
25 |
No Idea in Q6 |
7 |
2 |
9 |
Total in Q5 |
62 |
8 |
70 |
DC20


Permalink Reply by ღ Alone Soul ღ on November 10, 2011 at 8:37am Market Situation: |
i.e. Market Size = 600,000.
|
Product/Service offering Situation: |
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|
|
Financial Objectives: |
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Marketing Objectives: |
The financial objectives must be converted into marketing objectives in order to achieve the desired objectives.
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Marketing Strategy: |
Ø Target Market: Upper class and Upper Middle Class, with particular emphasis on working parents (both father and mother) and divorced working father/mothers. Ø Positioning: The best caring and most reliable early development program. Ø Product Line: Caring of children less than 3 years. Nursery and Kindergarten for children aging 3 or more than 3 years. Ø Price: Price in par with the competitors’ price i.e. same fees offered by other Day Cares. Ø Location: Phase IV because of its importance in the region. See the location part. |
Ø Sales Promotion and Advertising: Develop a plan to support the positioning strategy and fees structure. Distribute brochures and advertisements on TV Cable Networks. Ø Marketing Research: Conduct a survey in early stages to find out the awareness level and demand of our service. After one year conduct another survey or a focus group of those parents whose children are currently enrolled in our Day Care to find out their response and take steps to improve if necessary. Those parents will also be invited to brainstorming and decision making process before starting any new offering. |
Action Program: |
November 2007: Survey. December 2007: Presentation of the whole PLAN. January 2008: Inauguration. Distribution of Brochures. Settlement with TV Cable Operators for advertising on channels like GEO, ARY, Starplus, Sony and HomeDvd channels. Starting admissions in the mid of month.
|
March 2008: Analysis of Financial Statements. June 2008: Analysis of Financial Statements. July 2008: Starting Kindergarten and Pre Primary service. Admissions. September 2008: Analysis of Financial Statements. December 2008: Analysis of Financial Statements |

Permalink Reply by ღ Alone Soul ღ on November 10, 2011 at 8:37am
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F I N A N C I A L
A N A L Y S I S

ANALYSIS
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ANALYSIS
The return on investment is quite nominal which will help us in order to re invest in our day care center. |

ANALYSIS
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ANALYSIS
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ANALYSIS
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ANALYSIS
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ANALYSIS
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ANALYSIS
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APPENDIX

Permalink Reply by ღ Alone Soul ღ on November 10, 2011 at 8:38am APPENDIX
A limited number of Day Care Centers and Nurseries have also been opened for children of working mothers in urban areas. But these centers cater to the physical, psychological, nutritional and learning needs of infants and children and have a proper care in the absence of their mothers.
Gender: . Area of Residence: .
Q.1.Are you employed?
Q.2.Do you have children?
Q.3.If yes, then what age bracket do they belong to?
Q.4.What is your house hold income bracket?
Q.5. Do you think pre-school education is important nowadays?
Q.6. Do you think that day care centers are important for the pre school education of kids?
Q.7.Do you think there should be day care centers in Karachi?
Q.8. Which locations are suitable to open a day care centre in Karachi?
(tick the destination)
Defence |
|
Clifton |
|
Shahrah-e-Faisal |
|
Others (write) |
Q.9.Would you be comfortable sending your children to day care centers?
Q.10.If no, why not?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q.11.What would be your top priority in selecting a day care center?
(Rate from 1 to 4)
Q.12.Give your opinion on what qualities a day care should have?

Permalink Reply by ღ Alone Soul ღ on November 10, 2011 at 8:38am Prepared by: |
Astral Corp. |
Date: |
Use this template to capture the key information that you need to develop a thorough marketing strategy. Then use the information that you collect, along with other development tools, to build your key marketing strategy.
This template is divided into the following question sections:
1. Background.........................................................
2. Market.............................................................
3. Target Audience....................................................
4. Competition........................................................
5. Offering...........................................................
6. Messages...........................................................
7. Sales and Buying Process...........................................
8. Pricing............................................................
A. What business are we in? (What needs does our business meet in the marketplace?)
(2–3 sentences)
Day care center: Not only for taking care of children bur for providing quality education and learning. |
B. What services and/or products do we provide?
(1 paragraph)
Child Care-Early Education |
C. What are our business objectives over the next two years? Be as specific as possible, and make sure to address the following goals:
· Number of customers
· Revenue
· Profit
· Market share
Number of customers to increase by approx. 35% each year. To acquire a market share of at least 25% To breakeven in 6 months. |
D. What compelled us to start this business?
-Rapidly growing number of working parents and lesser joint families. Demang is steadily increasing and less competition. |
A. What is the market opportunity? What is the market size? Be sure to look at market size with respect to geography and to industry.
B. How can the market be segmented into logical customer groupings?
|
C. What are the key industry trends that are fueling our success? What industry trends can inhibit our success?
Plusses:
Minuses: · Lack of Awareness |
D. What is the economic climate now and in the next couple of years? How will the economic climate affect our business?
Economy is on the rise despite the emergency. Our business is indifferent to any fluctuations in the economy. |
E. Is our business or market affected by business cycles or seasons? If so, describe how it is affected.
None. |
Upper middle class Rich Class |
Working Parents Single Working mothers |
C. What is our customer’s primary reason for buying or wanting to use our product or service?
Safety of their child while they are at work. |
D. Why would someone prefer our offering versus that offered by the competition? (You might want to answer the section on competition and then come back to this question.)
First, there isn’t a lot of competition around and second, we offer state of the art facilities with a trained staff at our center. |
E. Are there any issues or concerns that the target audience might have regarding this type of product or service?
-Leaving a child in the hands of strangers is not an easy task, so customers will naturally be apprehensive and reluctant. |
A. What categories of competition threaten our success? Label each category, and identify its key characteristics. Prioritize the categories from greatest to least threatening.
-Preschools -Emerging Day care centers |
B. Which companies pose the greatest threat, and how do they differentiate themselves? What strategic or tactical elements do they use that threaten our success? List the strengths and weaknesses for each of these elements.
Not Any |
C. Which competitors have the largest market share within our target market segments? Which competitors have the greatest visibility with our target audience?
None as yet. |
D. How will we differentiate ourselves to best combat competition?
As mentioned before, by offering the latest facilities, hiring competent staff and providing quality education. |
E. What barriers to entry into the marketplace are we creating for ourselves?
None. We would encourage competition at this point. |
A. What need is our offering designed to fill? Identify the need for each target audience.
Day care centers are designed to ensure the security and are of children under the ages of 6 while their parents are working in their offices. |
B. What features and associated benefits does our offering provide? Identify features and associated benefits for each target audience.
-Quality early education -Security of Child -Healthy Food |
C. How do we deliver the features identified in item B? Be specific—this is the proof that we can do what we say.
-Trained Faculty -Alert Staff -Cook |
D. Of these features, which ones differentiate us from the competition?
E. What improvements can we make to our offering to better meet customer needs?
Provide the best of facilities. |
F. What new offerings would our customers most like us to develop?
Advanced security systems. |
6. Messages
A. What does each of our identified target audiences know and believe about us today?
As we are targeting the public of Karachi, here, people mostly do not have any concept of day care centers. Those who do know just know about as much as they could know from watching movies. |
B. What is the single most important message that we must communicate to ALL of our target audiences?
“Taking Care of your Child is what we do” so send your child to our day care without worrying about their well being. |
C. What evidence can be used to support the claim that we make in our single most important message?
Our state of the art setup and highly trained staff speak as evidence themselves. |
D. List the single most important message that we must communicate to EACH target audience. (This might or might not be the same answer as in item A.)
Same as above |
E. What evidence can be used to support the claims for each message listed in item D?
As Above. |
F. What happy clients do we have today that we can reference in our communications? What did they buy from us, and why are they happy?
We haven’t started operations yet. |
G. What kind of personality do we want to portray in our communications? What tone? What flavor?
A professional, caring and sensible personality. |
H. What is the net impression about our company or offering that we want clients and partners to take away after each interaction with our company?
That we know our job and care for their children. |
· Direct personal sale
· Direct online sale
· Indirect through channels
-We sell through direct personal sale |
B. Who is involved, both from our company and from our sales channel partners, in each step of the sales process?
-The Office management staff(day care manager) |
-Planned purchase. |
-Admission Fee at the time of the admission of child and a monthly fee at the end of each month. |
None |
None |
-Moderately important |
Rs.50000 admission fee with a monthly fee of Rs.8000 |
Price range varies from Rs.4000-Rs.10000 |
Not of our concern right now. We will have to start the operations first in order to determine that. |
None |
The value equals |
-Child care -Education -Recreational Activities(sports, music, games) -Food |
Yes-as competition will increase in the near future. |
| |

Permalink Reply by ღ Alone Soul ღ on November 10, 2011 at 8:39am Sources:
Owner’s equity investment Rs 4,858,130
Requested Bank Loan Rs 500,000
Total Rs 5,358,130
Uses:
Capital Equipment Rs 2,000,000
Start-up costs Rs 2,000,000
Working capital (money on hand/extra cash) Rs 1,358,130
Total Rs. 5,358,130
Hint: Total sources = Total uses
This work sheet will help you define your target audience by describing its demographic characteristics. Answer all the questions on the work sheet. When you are finished, compare your demographic profile against the demographic makeup of your market area. This will help identify the number of people or businesses in your market area that match your demographic profile, which will help you determine the viability of your business. If you are selling to more than one demographic group, describe them in different work sheets.
Customer Profile
1. Are your customers’ individuals or businesses?
Our customers are individuals.
2. If they are individuals, describe their gender, age, income level and any other significant demographic variables.
· Parents of kids from 6mnth-6yrs
· Upper middle class-rich class
· Main priority-working parents, single working mothers.
3. If they are businesses, describe the industries, sales levels and any other relevant descriptors of the businesses you will target.
4. Where are your customers located?
· Clifton
· Defence
· Boat Basin
5. How many customers are located in your market?
600,000 approx. 4%
6. How many unit sales are in your market each year?
Rs. 9,180,000.00
7. What is the value of the sales that occur in your market each year?
Rs. 15,000,000 (on average)










Priority in selecting a Day Care Center
Rating |
Location |
Fees |
Facilities |
Management |
( number of persons) |
||||
1 |
4 |
19 |
33 |
23 |
2 |
9 |
9 |
14 |
28 |
3 |
34 |
18 |
17 |
10 |
4 |
23 |
24 |
6 |
9 |
Total |
70 |
70 |
70 |
70 |
|
Preference |
Facilities |
1st |
Management |
2nd |
Location |
3rd |
Fees |
4th |
From here
TITLE |
YEARS ENDED DEC. 31 |
||
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
Revenue (Rs.) |
9,180,000.00 |
9,624,000.00 |
10,068,000.00 |
Gross Profit |
9,180,000.00 |
9,624,000.00 |
10,068,000.00 |
Selling, general, & administrative - |
|||
expenses: |
|||
Rental expense |
360,000.00 |
360,000.00 |
360,000.00 |
Office expenses (printing & stationary) |
7,200.00 |
8,400.00 |
9,000.00 |
Telephone and Communications |
24,000.00 |
21,600.00 |
22,800.00 |
Travel Expenses |
84,000.00 |
84,000.00 |
84,000.00 |
Utilities expense |
132,000.00 |
120,000.00 |
138,000.00 |
Security |
120,000.00 |
120,000.00 |
120,000.00 |
Salary |
2,808,000.00 |
2,808,000.00 |
2,808,000.00 |
Depreciation-Owned Assets |
12,000.00 |
12,000.00 |
12,000.00 |
Total Operating Expenses |
3,547,200.00 |
3,534,000.00 |
3,553,800.00 |
Earnings before interest & taxes |
5,632,800.00 |
6,090,000.00 |
6,514,200.00 |
Interest Expense |
35,000.00 |
34,950.00 |
34,900.00 |
Earnings before taxes |
5,597,800.00 |
6,055,050.00 |
6,479,300.00 |
Income taxes |
839,670.00 |
908,257.50 |
971,895.00 |
Earnings after taxes / Net Income (Rs.) |
4,758,130.00 |
5,146,792.50 |
5,507,405.00 |
ASSETS |
AS AT DEC. 31 (Rs.) |
||
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
Cash & cash equivalents |
4,808,130.00 |
5,196,792.50 |
5,557,405.00 |
Accounts Receivable |
240,000.00 |
240,000.00 |
240,000.00 |
Prepaid Expenses |
120,000.00 |
120,000.00 |
120,000.00 |
Accumulated tax prepayments |
839,670.00 |
908,257.50 |
971,895.00 |
Current Assets |
6,007,800.00 |
6,465,050.00 |
6,889,300.00 |
Fixed Assets |
100,000.00 |
100,000.00 |
100,000.00 |
Less: Acc. Depreciation |
10,000.00 |
20,000.00 |
30,000.00 |
Net fixed Assets |
90,000.00 |
80,000.00 |
70,000.00 |
Total Assets |
6,097,800.00 |
6,545,050.00 |
6,959,300.00 |
LIABILITIES |
AS AT DEC. 31 (Rs.) |
||
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
Bank loans |
500,000.00 |
500,000.00 |
500,000.00 |
Accounts Payable |
150,000.00 |
150,000.00 |
150,000.00 |
Accrued expenses |
100,000.00 |
100,000.00 |
100,000.00 |
Salary payable |
50,000.00 |
50,000.00 |
50,000.00 |
Other expenses |
239,670.00 |
249,257.50 |
253,895.00 |
Current liabilities |
1,039,670.00 |
1,049,257.50 |
1,053,895.00 |
Long - Term debt |
200,000.00 |
199,000.00 |
198,000.00 |
Owner's equity: |
|||
Investment Capital |
100,000.00 |
150,000.00 |
200,000.00 |
Retained Earnings |
4,758,130.00 |
5,146,792.50 |
5,507,405.00 |
Total Owner's equity |
4,858,130.00 |
5,296,792.50 |
5,707,405.00 |
Total Liabilities & S.H.E |
6,097,800.00 |
6,545,050.00 |
6,959,300.00 |
TITLE |
YEARS ENDED DEC. 31 |
||
2010 |
2009 |
2008 |
|
CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES (Rs.) |
|||
Cash received from customers |
4,808,130.00 |
5,196,792.50 |
5,557,405.00 |
Cash paid to suppliers and employees |
2,928,000.00 |
2,928,000.00 |
2,928,000.00 |
Interest paid |
35,000.00 |
34,950.00 |
34,900.00 |
Taxes paid |
839,670.00 |
908,257.50 |
971,895.00 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |
1,005,460.00 |
1,325,585.00 |
1,622,610.00 |
CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES (Rs.) |
|||
Additions to Fixed Assets |
|||
Payment for Long - term investment |
10,000.00 |
20,000.00 |
|
Net cash provided by investing activities |
0.00 |
10,000.00 |
20,000.00 |
|
|||
CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES (Rs.) |
|||
Increase in Short - term borrowings |
|||
Additions to Long - term borrowings |
|||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Increase (Decrease) in cash & cash equivalents (Rs.) |
1,005,460.00 |
1,315,585.00 |
1,602,610.00 |
BREAK – EVEN ANALYSIS
BREAK - EVEN ANALYSIS |
|||
Identifies the relationship between costs, volumes, and profits. |
|||
(Rs.) |
|||
DATA: |
Fixed Cost = |
3,388,000.00 |
|
|
Depreciation = |
10,000.00 |
|
|
Variable cost/student = |
1,808.00 |
|
Price (FEES) = |
6,500.00 |
||
Tax Rate = |
0.15 |
||
FORMULA: |
Quantity Break - Even = |
(Fixed cost+Depreciation) x (1-tax rate) |
|
(selling price - variable cost) x (1-tax rate) |
|||
CALCULATION: |
Quantity Break - Even (kids) = |
2888300 |
724.21 |
3988.2 |
|||
FORMULA: |
Sales Break - Even = |
Break Even x Selling Price |
|
CALCULATION: |
Sales Break - Even (Rs.) = |
4,707,374.25 |
|
No. of Students |
150 |
RATIO ANALYSIS
LIQUIDITY RATIOS |
||||
Ratio |
Formula |
FOR THE YEAR DEC. 31 |
||
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT = |
Current Assets |
5.78 |
6.16 |
6.54 |
Current Liabilities |
||||
ACID - TEST = |
Cash + A/C Receivable |
4.86 |
4.72 |
5.05 |
Current liabilities |
||||
LEVERAGE RATIOS |
||||
Ratio |
Formula |
FOR THE YEAR DEC. 31 |
||
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
DEBT TO EQUITY = |
Total debt |
0.26 |
0.24 |
0.22 |
Shareholder's equity |
||||
DEBT - TOTAL ASSETS = |
Total debt |
0.20 |
0.19 |
0.18 |
Total assets |
||||
COVERAGE RATIOS |
||||
Ratio |
Formula |
FOR THE YEAR DEC. 31 |
||
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
INTEREST COVERAGE = |
EBIT |
160.94 |
174.25 |
186.65 |
Interest Expense |
||||
PROFITIBILITY RATIOS |
||||
Ratio |
Formula |
FOR THE YEAR DEC. 31 |
||
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
NET PROFIT MARGIN = |
Net profit after taxes |
0.52 |
0.53 |
0.55 |
Net sales |
||||
RETURN ON INV. (ROI) = |
Net profit after taxes |
0.78 |
0.79 |
0.79 |
Total assets |
||||
RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) = |
Net profit after taxes |
0.98 |
0.97 |
0.96 |
Shareholder's equity |

Permalink Reply by ღ Alone Soul ღ on November 10, 2011 at 8:39am 



Permalink Reply by ღ Alone Soul ღ on November 10, 2011 at 8:40am 




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